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Detailed Table of the Chapter 16 Notes – Garbage In, Garbage Out Class 6 Pdf
1.
Board
CBSE
2.
Textbook
NCERT
3.
Class
Class 6
4.
Subject
Notes
5.
Chapter
Science Chapter 16
6.
Chapter Name
Garbage In, Garbage Out
7.
Category
CBSE Revision Notes
Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Notes PDF
Dumping of wastes : We sweep houses, shops, and other places, collect the dirt and other waste materials in the polythene and throw it either in a drain or at the comer of the street.
The heaps of rubbish material not only spread dirtiness but also provide shelter to houseflies, mosquitoes, microorganisms, bacteria, and other disease-carrying living organisms.
Hospital waste includes bandages, cotton impulses, injection bottles, tablet wrappers, cut-out plaster, syringes, glucose bottles, needles, papers, corks, instruments, tubes, fruit peelings, and seeds.
Most wastes are used for filling the low-lying areas. These things pollute the soil and are responsible for several fatal diseases.
Many people sort out syringes, tubes, needles, and other reusable instruments, wash them and reuse them which become the cause of many diseases.
The filling materials diffuse in the soil and pollute the soil.
Dustbins: The utensil or space where the waste material is collected is called a dustbin.
Green dustbins: Generally we use green dustbins for collecting biodegradable waste.
Blue dustbins: The non-biodegradable wastes which do not decompose naturally are kept in the blue dustbins.
Biodegradable waste: The waste matter which is decomposed by microorganisms naturally is called biodegradable waste.
Non-biodegradable waste: The waste matter which is not decomposed by micro-organisms is called non-biodegradable waste.
The edible wastes which are thrown by people in -polythene bags and eaten up by cows, pigs, dogs, etc., are not digested in their alimentary canal as a result of which the cattle become patients.
Polythene and plastics are very useful in our lives but are non-biodegradable.
The unnecessary use of plastic and polythene should be checked.
We should try to use paper and jute bags as much as possible.
3'R': We should use 3'R' for checking the increase of waste matter. The first 'R' means 'Reduce'. The meaning of the second 'R' is 'Reuse' and the meaning of the third 'R' is 'Recycling'. We should use things in maximum which are biodegradable.
Waste material: Every person creates rags and throws all those things which he has used once and does not use again. These things are commonly called waste materials.
Landfill: Waste material, feces of animals, kitchen waste, garden waste, etc., are collected in dustbins from where it is thrown out into the low-lying areas for filling a purpose.
Compost: The manure made up of kitchen wastes and garden wastes are called compost manure. It increases the fertility of the soil.
Vermicomposting : The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting. Garbage: All the used or unusable substances which cannot be reused in the same form are called garbage.
Recycling: It is a process in which a material that has been used once is recycled to produce something to reuse.
Segregation Of Wastes Garbage or waste may be in the form of fruit or vegetable peels, discarded objects, wrapping materials, wasted food as household garbage, or discarded chemicals and fertilizers washed into rivers, domestic sewage, etc. These wastes can be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Wastes that rot (undergo degradation) by the action of decomposers (tiny organisms found in the soil) are called biodegradable wastes. Dead plants and animals and their products (e.g., fruit and vegetable peels, paper, and leaves) decay very easily These wastes mix with the soil and produce manure. Wastes that do not rot by the action of decomposers are called non-biodegradable wastes. For example, glass, plastic, and metals. Many of them can be recycled to produce new things.
Depending on the type of waste, two garbage bins—one for biodegradable wastes and the other for non-biodegradable wastes should be used. This will help in the easy sorting and recycling of wastes to make beneficial products.
Best out of waste The Rock Garden in Chandigarh is an excellent example of how solid wastes can be utilized. Every item in this garden is made from waste materials like tires, plastic bottles, eggshells, and tube lights. This innovative idea of utilizing solid waste has made the Rock Garden a very popular tourist attraction.
Management Of Biodegradable Wastes Some of the ways to manage biodegradable wastes are as follows:
Composting: Since biodegradable or organic wastes like vegetable peels, waste food, leaves, dead flowers, and eggshells can be recycled, they are converted into manure by burying them in compost pits. Recycling organic wastes like vegetable peels, waste food, leaves, etc., by burying them in compost pits is called composting. Composting is a simple and almost effortless process of recycling. The biodegradable wastes are degraded by the action of small organisms like bacteria and fungi. There is also a different kind of composting where a kind of earthworm called red worms (or red wrigglers) acts on wastes and degrade them. This type of composting with the help of a type of earthworm called red worms is called vermicomposting. Red worms break down the organic matter into nutrient-rich manure which increases soil fertility. Vermicompost can be made in 3-4 weeks and it appears as loose soil-like material. One should not put an animal product or oily substance in the pit as it could lead to the growth of disease-causing organisms.
Landfills Large areas used for waste disposal are called landfills. The landfill is another method to manage a huge amount, of biodegradable waste. In a landfill, garbage is buried in such a way that it does not damage the environment (Fig. 17.2). Garbage buried inside landfills stays here for a long time as it decomposes very slowly. After a landfill is full, it can be converted into a park. For example, Indraprastha Park in New Delhi isbuilt on a landfill site.
Management Of Non-Biodegradable Wastes As non-biodegradable wastes like plastic bags, glass bottles, etc., cannot be broken down by decomposers, their disposal poses a big problem. Non-biodegradable wastes can be managed by practicing the concept of 3 Rs—Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
Reduce We need to reduce the amount of waste generated by consuming more and throwing away less. We often buy more things than we really need. Nowadays, disposable items have become popular, for example, ballpoint pens, plastic bags, disposable napkins, etc. We are using them frequently without giving a thought to their hazardous effects. Here are some tips for reducing waste:
Use a fountain pen in place of a ballpoint pen,
Use old newspapers for packaging, and
Use cloth napkins in place of disposable ones.
Reuse We can reuse certain things for more than one purpose. If we reuse them for other purposes, we can help in reducing waste. Here are some of the tips for reusing things:
Small jars and bottles can be cleaned to keep some other kitchen stuff.
One should prefer a glass bottle to a metal can when buying juice or a soft drink. The bottles can be refilled.
Old clothes can be made into other usable items like cushion covers, handkerchiefs, etc.
Old mobile phones can be donated to friends or family.
Recycle The process by which waste materials are used to make new products is called recycling. Materials like glass, metal, plastic, and paper are collected, separated, and recycled to make new things.
Recycling of Plastics Bucket, bottle, toy, shoe, bag, pen, and comb are a few things made of plastic. The use of plastics has become a major concern nowadays because they are non-biodegradable and release harmful gases upon heating or burning. They can also contaminate foodstuffs. If eaten by animals, plastics can choke and kill them. Therefore, one should reduce and reuse plastic items as far as possible. When plastic items are to be discarded, they should be recycled to make new things.
Not all the plastics generated are recycled, hence causing much damage to life on Earth. In many places in India, plastics are totally banned seeing their adverse effects on the environment. Some of the ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastics are as follows:
Paper, cotton, and jute bags should be preferred over plastic bags.
Some disposable plastic containers and jars can be used to grow plants .
Empty bottles can be refilled for the storage of water or any other liquid stuff. Think about the number of times you buy a bottle of water when you are out. Instead, you can fill the used bottle and carry it whenever you are out.
Zip foils can be reused after cleaning thoroughly each time after storing foodstuffs.
Recycling of paper: Paper is made from trees and trees are essential for our survival on Earth. So, even if paper is biodegradable, depletion of trees at a fast pace is a big concern. Therefore, to save trees we must use paper carefully. Some of the ways to save paper are:
We should always write on both sides of paper sheets.
Unused pages from old notebooks can be torn off and made into a new notebook for doing rough work and other miscellaneous work.
We can also reuse envelopes and covers by using stickers to write new addresses.
We can also make fresh paper from old newspapers.
By now, we know how harmful garbage accumulation can be. But, by following the 3Rs concept, we can manage the garbage generated in our surroundings so that it is beneficial to the environment.
Biodegradable wastes: Wastes that rot by the action of decomposers are called biodegradable wastes.
Non-biodegradable wastes: Wastes that do not rot by the action of decomposers are called non-biodegradable wastes.
Composting: Recycling of organic wastes like vegetable peels, waste food, leaves, etc., by burying them in compost pits is called composting.
Vermicomposting: Composting with the help of a type of earthworm, called red worms, is called vermicomposting.
Landfills: Large areas used for waste disposal are called landfills.
Recycling: The process by which waste materials are used to make new products is called recycling.
There are mainly two types of wastes based on their ability to rot over a period of time: biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
Dead plants and animals and their products decay while objects like plastic and glass do not.
Vermicomposting and landfills are two ways of managing solid wastes.
By practising the concept of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), we can manage our wastes well.
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